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Ojalá
Words
Certain: The standard etymology in the RAE dictionary and in Corriente; no serious doubt.Power & war · Common

califa

caliph, supreme head of the Muslim community, successor of Muhammadjefe supremo de la comunidad musulmana, sucesor de Mahoma

Comes from Arabic

خَلِيفَة

khalīfa

“successor, the one who comes after”«sucesor, el que viene después»

Arabic today says

خَلِيفَة

khalīfa

And it still does

Root

خ ل ف

kh-l-f

The article

It came in without the article.

The story

The Arabic kh, with no equivalent in Spanish, was simplified to c. Córdoba was the capital of the Umayyad caliphate from 929.La kh árabe, sin equivalente en español, se simplificó en c. Córdoba fue capital del califato omeya desde 929.

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